an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

ammonia

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4 phosphooxybutanoate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

4-aminobutanoate

lipid IV_A

shikimate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

3-hydroxypropanoate

3-oxopropanoate

β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

urea

autoinducer 2

(lipoyl)adenylate

4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

coproporphyrinogen III

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

3-dehydroquinate

3-dehydroshikimate

2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone

methyl-1,4-benzoquinol

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

(S)-dihydroorotate

3-deoxy-α-D-manno-2-octulosonate

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

O-acetyl-L-serine

4'-phosphopantetheine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

lipid X

lipid A disaccharide (E. coli)

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

4-amino-4-deoxychorismate

2-protocatechuoylphloroglucinolcarboxylate

carbon monoxide

(indol-3-yl)pyruvate

preuroporphyrinogen

(R)-4-phosphopantoate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

hydrogen peroxide

citraconate

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate

ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose

prephenate

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

salicyl alcohol

methylsalicylate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate

D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate

glutathione disulfide

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

2-iminoacetate

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

DNA without lesion

carbonic acid

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

2-oxoadipate

propanoyl phosphate

7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

histidinal

histidinol

succinate semialdehyde

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

porphobilinogen

orotidine 5'-phosphate

oxaloacetate

carboxyphosphate

glycerone phosphate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

anthranilate

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

isopentenyl diphosphate

prenyl diphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

L-canavanine

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-ethylmalate

2-oxovalerate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

shikimate 3-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

phosphoenolpyruvate

oxalosuccinate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

citrate

carbamoyl phosphate

CO₂

L-arginino-succinate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

canavaninosuccinate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

H₂O

hydroxyl radical

superoxide

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

glycine betaine

betaine aldehyde

choline

betaine aldehyde hydrate

2-iminopropanoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

cadaverine

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

methanethiol

(2E,5E)-dodeca-2,5-dienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy-5-trans-dodecenoyl-CoA

2-trans,6-cis-tridecadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 6-cis-tridecenoyl-CoA

2-trans, 4-trans-undecadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 4-trans-undecenoyl-CoA

(3E)-undec-2-enoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy-undecanoyl-CoA

2-trans-nonenoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy-nonanoyl-CoA

2-trans, 5-cis, 7-trans-tetradecatrienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy- 5-cis, 7-trans-tetradecadienoyl-CoA

2-trans-6-trans-tridecadienoyl-CoA

(3R)-hydroxy, 6-trans-tridecenoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

succinyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

ethene

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

nicotinate

riboflavin

all-trans-retinol

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

menadione

FMNH₂

FMN

caldariellaquinone

caldariellaquinol

ubiquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

(R)-NADHX

(S)-NADHX

NADH

NADPH

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

isoguanine

8-oxo-dGTP

8-oxo-GTP

2'-deoxyguanosine

pppGpp

ppGpp

dGMP

dAMP

hypoxanthine

5'-deoxyadenosine

XMP

GMP

dATP

IDP

ITP

dIDP

dITP

dGTP

adenylo-succinate

dADP

dGDP

IMP

ADP

AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

ATP

GTP

GDP

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

dTTP

dCTP

dUTP

CTP

UTP

dTMP

dUMP

dCMP

CMP

UMP

dTDP

dUDP

dCDP

UDP

CDP

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-β-L-galactose

GDP-4-dehydro-α-D-rhamnose

GDP-α-D-mannose

GDP-β-L-fucose

uracil

adenine

preQ₁

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-2-N,3-O-bis[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

CMP-3-deoxy-β-D-manno-octulosonate

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

reduced riboflavin

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

2-amino-6-[1-hydroxyethyl]-7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin

[1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin

orotate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

quercetin

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

4-hydroxybenzoate

menadiol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

all trans-decaprenyl-2-methoxy-6-1,4-benzoquinol

salicylate

4-aminobenzoate

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

4-methylphenol

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

glycolaldehyde

D-glyceraldehyde

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 4-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 2-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 6-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 5-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

ethanol

methanol

glycerol

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

4-phospho-D-erythronate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-arabinofuranose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

α-D-mannose 1-phosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-heptaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-benzyl-3,6-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(glutathione)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

(2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate

(R)-lactate

stearate

palmitate

laurate

acetate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-2-aminoadipate

carbamate

L-citrulline

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

L-homocysteine

L-canaline

hypoglycin A

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-ornithine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-homoserine

O-phospho-L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-lysine

L-isoleucine

L-valine

L-leucine

L-phenylalanine

L-histidine

L-tyrosine

L-serine

L-alanine

glycine

L-threonine

L-arginine

L-proline

L-tryptophan

L-aspartate

L-glutamine

L-glutamate

L-methionine

L-cysteine

β-alanine

D-glutamate

D-alanine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

3-phospho-L-serine

N-acetyl-L-methionine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

cis-2-methylaconitate

(2S,3S)-2-methylcitrate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoate

glyoxylate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

formate

hypoglycin B

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-cysteinylglycine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

(glutathion-S-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal

DNA with lesion

protoheme

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

protoporphyrin IX

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

2-iminobutanoate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

(R)-citramalate

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

2-octaprenylphenol

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

preQ₀

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene

2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione

Fe³⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Fe²⁺

OH^-

hydrogencarbonate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride