an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

bisorganyltrisulfane

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

enol-phenylpyruvate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

aminoacetone

ammonia

autoinducer 2

pseudouridine

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

quinolinate

urea

shikimate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

creatinine

diethylphosphate

diethylthiophosphate

dimethylthiophosphate

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

(R)-mevalonate diphosphate

(R)-5-phosphomevalonate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

prenyl diphosphate

2-maleylacetate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

(1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate

2-succinylbenzoate

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

DNA without lesion

3-dehydroshikimate

methylsalicylate

carbonic acid

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

dihydroxyacetone

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

2-dehydropantoate

shikimate 3-phosphate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol

ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

xanthine

4'-phosphopantetheine

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

(lipoyl)adenylate

(R)-pantothenate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

urocanate

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate

3-oxopropanoate

CDP-glycerol

thiamine diphosphate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(R)-mevalonate

glycolate

salicyl alcohol

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

selenophosphate

O-acetyl-L-serine

2-keto-D-gluconate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

pseudouridine 5'-phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

N-carbamoylputrescine

4-(2'-carboxyphenyl)-4-oxobutyryl-CoA

1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA

coproporphyrinogen III

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

citrate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

5-aminolevulinate

prephenate

phosphoenolpyruvate

isopentenyl diphosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

acetyl phosphate

hydrogen peroxide

glycerone phosphate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

orotidine 5'-phosphate

carbamoyl phosphate

carboxyphosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

L-histidinol phosphate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

CO₂

acrylamide

acrylate

propionamide

4-guanidinobutyramide

4-guanidinobutanoate

(indol-3-yl)acetamide

glutathione disulfide

oxaloacetate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

H₂O

(S)-dihydroorotate

selenide

OH^-

superoxide

hydrogencarbonate

phosphate

triphosphate

diphosphate

chloride

Fe³⁺

K⁺

H⁺

ammonium

Cu²⁺

Fe²⁺

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

S-sulfanylglutathione

L-cysteate

3-sulfopyruvate

2-iminopropanoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

agmatine

cadaverine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

urate

4-hydroxybenzoate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

hydroquinone

protocatechuate

salicylate

parathion

amino-parathion

methyl parathion

6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

2-methoxy-6-all trans-octaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol

ubiquinol-8

3-demethylubiquinol-8

4-aminophenol

4-nitrophenol

baicalein

6,7-dehydrobaicalein

preQ₀

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5,10-methylene-tetrahydromethanopterin

tetrahydromethanopterin

thiamine

riboflavin

pyridoxal

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

all-trans-retinol

glycocholate

cholate

phenylacetate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

cis-dienelactone

trans-dienelactone

D-glucono-1,5-lactone

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

methylacrylyl-CoA

5-aminolevulinyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

isobutanoyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

succinyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

acetamide

6-aminopenicillanate

isopenicillin N

penicillin G

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

acetate

D-gluconate

D-mannonate

(R)-pantoate

orotate

5-deoxy-D-glucuronate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-2-aminoadipate

carbamate

L-homocysteine

L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

O-phospho-L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-lysine

L-leucine

L-valine

L-proline

L-asparagine

L-alanine

L-serine

L-tyrosine

L-threonine

glycine

L-glutamine

L-aspartate

L-phenylalanine

L-glutamate

L-methionine

L-cysteine

creatine

β-alanine

(S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

D-glutamate

D-alanine

L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

3-phospho-L-serine

sarcosine

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

N-formimino-L-glutamate

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

L,L-diaminopimelate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

pyruvate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

chorismate

succinate

fumarate

(S)-malate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

3-oxoadipate

formate

propanoate

(R)-lactate

laurate

decanoate

7-hydroxylaurate

octanoate

(R)-glycerate

18-hydroxyoleate

18-hydroxystearate

16-hydroxypalmitate

pristanate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

α-linolenate

linoleate

stearate

oleate

palmitate

phytenate

Gro-P-ManNAc-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol

myo-inositol

1D-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate

1D-myo-inositol 3-monophosphate

glycerol

ethanol

methanol

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

betanidin

betanidin quinone

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

α-L-rhamnopyranose

β-L-rhamnopyranose

β-D-fructofuranose

α-D-ribofuranose

D-xylulose

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

glycolaldehyde

keto-D-fructose

keto-L-rhamnulose

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

arbutin-6-phosphate

UDP-α-D-galactose

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-α-D-glucuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-mannosaminuronate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

formaldehyde

acetaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

methylglyoxal

diacetyl

2,5-piperidinedione

(R)-acetoin

isoguanine

preQ₁

uracil

hypoxanthine

guanine

adenine

xanthosine

guanosine

inosine

adenosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

ITP

GTP

ATP

IDP

GDP

ADP

GMP

XMP

AMP

IMP

dITP

dGTP

dATP

dIDP

dGDP

dADP

dAMP

dGMP

FADH₂

FMNH₂

reduced riboflavin

FAD

FMN

7,8-dihydroneopterin

7,8-dihydromonapterin

6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropterin

dCMP

dTMP

dUMP

UDP

UTP

dCDP

dCTP

CDP

CTP

dUDP

dUTP

dTDP

dTTP

CMP

UMP

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

2'-deoxyuridine

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

pppGpp

ppGpp

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-deoxyadenosine

adenylo-succinate

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

NADPH

NADH

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CTP

5-hydroxy-CMP

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

DNA with lesion

ethylphosphate

protoheme

uroporphyrinogen-III

uroporphyrinogen-I

coproporphyrinogen I

protoporphyrinogen IX

protoporphyrin IX

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

2-iminosuccinate

2-chloroacetate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(R)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

(S)-methylmalonate-semialdehyde

3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoate

2-octaprenylphenol

2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol

paraoxon

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

hydroxyl radical