an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

2'-(5''-triphospho-α-D-ribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA

4-oxoglutaramate

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

phosphoenolpyruvate

H₂O

CO₂

(S)-2-acetolactate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

oxaloacetate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

L-canavanine

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

carbamoyl phosphate

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

histidinol

histidinal

dihydroxyacetone

(E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA

3S-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-propanoyl-CoA

2,3-didehydroadipyl-CoA

xanthine

5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

4'-phosphopantetheine

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

5-aminolevulinate

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate

anthranilate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

glycerone phosphate

carboxyphosphate

3-dehydroshikimate

3-dehydroquinate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

5-dehydro-D-gluconate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

glycolate

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoyl-CoA

3-[(3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl]propanoate

S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine

hydroxypyruvate

(2S)-2-amino-3-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate

3-amino-1-hydroxyacetone 1-phosphate

4-phosphooxy-L-threonine

hydrogen peroxide

coproporphyrinogen III

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

urea

4-imidazolone-5-propanoate

urocanate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

carbon monoxide

L-selenocystathionine

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

acetoacetate

4-fumaryl-acetoacetate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

prenyl diphosphate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

DNA without lesion

orotidine 5'-phosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate

O-ureido-L-homoserine

dethiobiotin

7,8-diaminopelargonate

(S)-dihydroorotate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

O-acetyl-L-serine

urea-1-carboxylate

(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

homogentisate

H₂

1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate

(R)-mandelate

(S)-mandelate

L-histidinol phosphate

5-oxo-L-proline

5-(methylsulfanyl)-α-D-ribose

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

norspermidine

carboxynorspermidine

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

propanoyl phosphate

acetyl phosphate

N-(5-phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate

2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate

2-keto-D-gluconate

(S)-2,3-dihydrodipicolinate

thiamine phosphate

prephenate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

3-ureidopropanoate

citrate

β-D-ribosylnicotinate

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

(E)-glutaconate

3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

thiamine diphosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

shikimate

2-keto-L-gulonate

quinolinate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate 6-phosphate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

2,5-dioxopentanoate

formamide

glutathione disulfide

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

carbamate

L-2-aminoadipate

L-citrulline

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-glutamate

L-glutamine

glycine

L-valine

L-leucine

L-isoleucine

L-arginine

L-histidine

L-proline

L-serine

L-tryptophan

L-alanine

L-aspartate

L-phenylalanine

L-threonine

L-tyrosine

L-lysine

L-homocysteine

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-ornithine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

L-canaline

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-homoserine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

seleno-L-homocysteine

L-saccharopine

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

N-carbamoylglycine

formyl-L-isoglutamine

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-formimino-L-glutamate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

3-phospho-L-serine

L-isoglutamine

L-cystathionine

L,L-diaminopimelate

D-glutamate

D-alanine

D-aspartate

β-alanine

(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate

protocatechuate

acetate

D-gluconate

orotate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

D-mannonate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

D-tagaturonate

4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronate

aldehydo-D-galacturonate

pristanate

palmitate

stearate

decanoate

laurate

7-hydroxylaurate

octanoate

butanoate

18-hydroxyoleate

16-hydroxypalmitate

18-hydroxystearate

phytenate

(15Z)-tetracosenoate

oleate

linoleate

α-linolenate

4-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

(R)-glycerate

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate

pyruvate

formate

2-oxobutanoate

2-oxoglutarate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate

3-oxoadipate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

3-(carbamoylamino)-2-methylpropanoate

chorismate

α,ω-9Z-octadecenedioate

D-galactarate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

6-aminopenicillanate

penicillin G

isopenicillin N

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(cysteinylglycine)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

3-benzyl-3,6 -bis(glutathione)- 6-(hydroxymethyl)-diketopiperazine

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

geranyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

D-galactonate

L-idonate

D-altronate

1-(β-D ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide

5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose

ADP-α-D-glucose

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

CDP-α-D-glucose

dTDP-4-dehydro-β-L-rhamnose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-α-D-galactose

UDP-α-D-glucose

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1'-deoxyribulose 5'-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

aldehydo-D-ribose 5-phosphate

β-D-ribose 5-phosphate

α-D-ribose 5-phosphate

L-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stem (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan dimer with pentapeptide stems (meso-diaminopimelate containing)

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

α-D-xylopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

α-D-ribofuranose

N-acetylmuramate

N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine(1-)

N-acetyl-β-D-mannosamine

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

glycerol

4-deoxy-β-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

maltotetraose

maltopentaose

maltotriose

maltohexaose

maltoheptaose

unsaturated gellan tetrasaccharide

β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-D-Glcp

ethanol

butan-1-ol

methylglyoxal

acetaldehyde

butan-1-al

diacetyl

urate

demethylmenaquinol-8

menaquinol-8

indole

(1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate

guanine

adenine

AMP

XMP

IMP

GMP

GTP

ATP

ITP

GDP

ADP

IDP

dGDP

dADP

dGTP

dATP

dAMP

dGMP

hypoxanthine

xanthosine

inosine

adenosine

guanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyinosine

7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

reduced riboflavin

FMNH₂

riboflavin

FMN

6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine

uracil

thymine

preQ₁

isoguanine

UDP

CTP

UTP

dUMP

dUTP

dCTP

dCDP

dCMP

CDP

dTMP

dTTP

dipicolinate

5,6-dihydrothymine

5,6-dihydrouracil

dTDP

UMP

CMP

uridine

cytidine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

hydantoin

coenzyme A

8-oxo-GTP

8-oxo-dGTP

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

pppGpp

5'-deoxyadenosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

adenylo-succinate

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

β-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide

2-hydroxy-dATP

5-hydroxy-CMP

5-hydroxy-CTP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

NAD⁺

NADP⁺

NADH

NADPH

two adjacent thymidines in DNA

(5R)-5,6-dihydro-5-(thymidin-7-yl)thymidine (in DNA)

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

glycine betaine

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

thiamine

nicotinate

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate

pyridoxine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate

pyridoxamine

pyridoxine

pyridoxal

phenylacetate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oyl-CoA

(25S)-3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oate

malonyl-CoA

acetyl-CoA

2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA

methylacrylyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-hexa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyhexanoyl)-CoA

(E)-2-methylcrotonoyl-CoA

3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-octa-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxyoctanoyl)-CoA

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

(3S)-hydroxyadipyl-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(E-buta-2-enoyl)-CoA

3-oxo-2-(cis-2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-(3R-hydroxybutanoyl)-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA

linoleoyl-CoA

α-linolenoyl-CoA

4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

succinyl-CoA

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxy-isobutanoyl-CoA

ω-carboxy-(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

3-oxopentanoyl-CoA

acetoacetyl-CoA

16-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

stearoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

18-hydroxystearoyl-CoA

pristanoyl-CoA

decanoyl-CoA

lauroyl-CoA

7-hydroxylauroyl-CoA

octanoyl-CoA

propanoyl-CoA

butanoyl-CoA

(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

(Z)-15-tetracosenoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

(3S,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-hydroxytetracosapentaenoyl-CoA

(3S,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-3-hydroxytetracosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA

phytenoyl-CoA

(2E)-oct-2-enoyl-CoA

(2E)-dec-2-enoyl-CoA

(2E,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosaheptaenoyl-CoA

crotonyl-CoA

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate

2-[(2R,5Z)-2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene]ethyl phosphate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

methanethiol

agmatine

spermidine

putrescine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

2-iminopropanoate

superoxide

hydroxyl radical

nitrate

hydrogencarbonate

OH^-

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

triphosphate

Fe³⁺

Zn²⁺

Mn²⁺

Co²⁺

Mg²⁺

Fe²⁺

ammonium

H⁺

2-chloroacetate

(indole-3-yl)acetonitrile

preQ₀

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protoporphyrinogen IX

coproporphyrinogen I

uroporphyrinogen-I

uroporphyrinogen-III

Mg-protoporphyrin

protoporphyrin IX

protoheme

ethylphosphate

DNA with lesion

(R)-4-hydroxymandelate

(S)-4-hydroxymandelate

phosphonoacetaldehyde

(2-aminoethyl)phosphonate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-iminobutanoate

2-iminosuccinate

N₂

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate