an oxidized electron donor

a reduced electron donor

a deaminated amino group acceptor

an aminated amino group acceptor

Charged-LEU-tRNAs

LEU-tRNAs

a 2-oxo acid

an amino acid

an acyl-CoA

a carboxylate

an oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

a reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster

NAD(P)H

NAD(P)+

an L-tyrosyl-[tRNAtyr]

a tRNAtyr

(2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxy-5-carboxymuconate-6-semialdehyde

4α,14α-dimethyl-porifersta-8,25(27)-dienol

2-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7-(phosphooxy)heptanoate

4-methylcyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA

isoshowacene

2-hydroxyhexadecanal

16-sinapoyloxypalmitate

3-methylquinolin-2-ol

(22R)-hydroxycholesterol

N-(2-methylpropyl)hydroxylamine

chloroeremomycin

3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

2',3',4'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2',3'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

2'-O-methyl-rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tetracyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

rhamnosyl tricyclic spinosyn pseudoaglycone

spinosyn tricyclic macrolactone

11-dehydro-15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

15-oxo spinosyn macrolactone

spinosyn macrolactone

diethylamine N-oxide

triethylamine N-oxide

UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate

nitroxyl

trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-β-D-arabinofuranose

1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-one

2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside

formyl hopane

ribosyl hopane

adenosyl hopane

(2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate

(2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(2Z)-2,4-dihydroxypent-2-enoate

(2E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA

(3R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-hydroxydocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3-oxodocosapentaenoyl-CoA

(+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin

(+)-larreatricin

2-trans,4-trans-xanthoxin

quinolinate

coproporphyrinogen III

2-dehydropantoate

carboxyphosphate

D-gluconate 6-phosphate

6-phospho D-glucono-1,5-lactone

L-canavanine

canavaninosuccinate

L-arginino-succinate

xanthine

α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate

imidazole acetol-phosphate

histidinal

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate

norspermidine

carboxynorspermidine

N-carbamoylputrescine

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate

N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

(S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate

(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate

orotidine 5'-phosphate

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenoyl-L-cysteine

(R)-4'-phosphopantothenate

(R)-pantothenate

(S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate

(S)-2-acetolactate

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate

2-oxovalerate

3-ethylmalate

(2S)-2-isopropyl-3-oxosuccinate

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate

2-isopropylmaleate

(2S)-2-isopropylmalate

crotonate

γ-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate

shikimate 3-phosphate

shikimate

prephenate

5-enolpyruvoyl-shikimate 3-phosphate

3-dehydroquinate

3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate

N-acetyl-β-glucosaminylamine

N⁴-(β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine

dihydrolipoate

5-aminopentanoate

carbon monoxide

autoinducer 2

S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine

O-acetyl-L-serine

methylsalicylate

selenophosphate

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate

hydrogen peroxide

1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-muramate

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramate

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

N-succinyl-L,L-2,6-diaminopimelate

3-dehydroshikimate

urea

1-piperideine 6-carboxylate

1,2-dihydro-β-NADP

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one

enol-phenylpyruvate

ammonia

(2S,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran

citrate

H₂O

4'-phosphopantetheine

N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine

S-adenosyl 3-(methylsulfanyl)propylamine

phosphoenolpyruvate

CO₂

oxaloacetate

glycolate

(4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

(2-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate

glycerone phosphate

salicyl alcohol

oxalosuccinate

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate

isochorismate

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate

histidinol

L-histidinol phosphate

3-phosphooxypyruvate

DNA without lesion

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate

N⁵-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide

5'-phosphoribosyl-4-(N-succinocarboxamide)-5-aminoimidazole

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole

2-(formamido)-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)acetamidine

N²-formyl-N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

N¹-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)glycinamide

5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamine

O-ureido-L-homoserine

carbamoyl phosphate

acetyl phosphate

N-acetyl-D-muramate 6-phosphate

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(diphosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine

(3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

CDP-glycerol

D-galactosamine-6-phosphate

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-phosphate

prenyl diphosphate

isopentenyl diphosphate

nicotinate adenine dinucleotide

β-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide

(S)-dihydroorotate

D-alanyl-D-alanine

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate

L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanine

carbamate

L-α-amino-ε-keto-pimelate

L-citrulline

L-histidine

L-lysine

L-threonine

L-tyrosine

L-cysteine

L-methionine

L-phenylalanine

L-arginine

L-isoleucine

L-glutamate

L-aspartate

L-alanine

L-glutamine

L-valine

L-leucine

glycine

L-serine

L-asparagine

L-proline

O-phospho-L-homoserine

L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde

O-succinyl-L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde

L-homocysteine

L-canaline

L-ornithine

L-homoserine

S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine

meso-diaminopimelate

L-saccharopine

L-aspartyl-4-phosphate

O-acetyl-L-homoserine

trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline

N-acetyl-L-ornithine

N-acetyl-L-glutamate

N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate

3-phospho-L-serine

L,L-diaminopimelate

L-cystathionine

D-alanine

D-proline

D-aspartate

D-glutamate

β-alanine

salicylate

2,3-dihydroxybenzoate

protocatechuate

4-aminobenzoate

acetate

(R)-pantoate

orotate

5-chloro-5-deoxy-D-ribonate

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate

palmitate

butanoate

oleate

(S)-lactate

(R)-lactate

(R)-glycerate

pyruvate

formate

2-oxobutanoate

5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate

2-oxoglutarate

3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoate

3-oxoadipate

3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate

cis-aconitate

D-threo-isocitrate

chorismate

fumarate

succinate

(S)-malate

phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-phosphate

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide

5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide

5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide

all-trans-retinyl palmitate

all-trans-retinol

trans,octacis-decaprenyl phosphate

(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

geranyl diphosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate

di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate

all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate

geranylgeranyl diphosphate

1,2-dibutyrin

tributyrin

1-(oleoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

1-(18-hydroxyoleoyl)-sn-glycrol 3-phosphate

1-C16:0-α,ω-dicarboxyl-2-lysophosphatidate

1-O-acetyl-α-maltose

decaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide

ADP-α-D-glucose

4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine-enolpyruvate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelate

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

arbutin-6-phosphate

methyl β-D-glucoside 6-phosphate

salicin 6-phosphate

5-phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate

D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate

D-erythrose 4-phosphate

α-D-galactose 1-phosphate

α-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate

β-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate

α-D-galactose 6-phosphate

β-D-galactose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 6-phosphate

D-tagatofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate

D-fructose 6-phosphate

keto-L-tagatose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate

β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

α-D-glucose 6-phosphate

β-D-glucose 6-phosphate

5-fluoro-5-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate

α-D-ribose-1-phosphate

2-deoxy-α-D-ribose 1-phosphate

D-xylulose 5-phosphate

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

D-ribulose 5-phosphate

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

N,N'-diacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

N-monoacetylchitobiose 6'-phosphate

undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanyl-D-alanine

undecaprenyl-diphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl- D-alanine

a peptidoglycan dimer (E. faecium, tetrapeptide)

GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-[(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl)-(1,4)-]-N-acetyl-α-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimeloyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-γ-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(β-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanine

a peptidoglycan tetramer with an L,D cross-link (Enterococcus faecium)

β-D-fructofuranose

β-D-galactopyranose

α-D-galactopyranose

β-D-glucopyranose

α-D-glucopyranose

D-glyceraldehyde

glycolaldehyde

N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine

maltopentaose

maltohexaose

maltotetraose

maltoheptaose

maltotriose

hydroquinone

ethylene glycol

(R)-propane-1,2-diol

(S)-propane-1,2-diol

methanol

methylglyoxal

(R)-lactaldehyde

(S)-lactaldehyde

acetaldehyde

menadione

diacetyl

6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-one-carboxylate

salicyl-6-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-on-oyl

menadiol

guanine

adenine

XMP

IMP

GMP

AMP

ITP

ATP

GTP

ADP

GDP

dADP

dGDP

dGTP

dATP

dAMP

dGMP

hypoxanthine

adenosine

inosine

guanosine

xanthosine

2'-deoxyinosine

2'-deoxyguanosine

2'-deoxyadenosine

(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate

7,8-dihydropteroate

7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate

tetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

5-methyltetrahydropteroyl tri-L-glutamate

reduced riboflavin

FMNH₂

riboflavin

FMN

thymine

uracil

preQ₁

dUMP

dUTP

dTDP

dTMP

UTP

UDP

dCDP

dCMP

CDP

dCTP

dTTP

CTP

CMP

UMP

cytidine

uridine

2'-deoxyuridine

2'-deoxycytidine

thymidine

(R)-lipoate

coenzyme A

5-chloro-5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate

5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-AMP

1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)-ATP

ppGpp

pppGpp

adenylo-succinate

5'-deoxyadenosine

cyclic-AMP

2-methylsulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

2-sulfanyl-N⁶-dimethylallyladenosine³⁷ in tRNA

5-hydroxy-CMP

5-hydroxy-CTP

cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate

NADP⁺

NAD⁺

NADPH

NADH

5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine

(S)-NADHX

(R)-NADHX

nicotinate

(indol-3-yl)acetate

methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate

cholate

glycocholate

succinyl-CoA

(E)-glutaconyl-CoA

(R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA

malonyl-CoA

3'-dephospho-CoA

acetyl-CoA

oleoyl-CoA

hexadecanedioyl-CoA

palmitoyl-CoA

18-hydroxyoleoyl-CoA

glutathione

(R)-S-lactoylglutathione

3-sulfopyruvate

L-cysteate

4-methyl-5-(2-phosphooxyethyl)thiazole

5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole

methanethiol

agmatine

spermidine

putrescine

(2Z)-2-aminobut-2-enoate

2-aminoprop-2-enoate

2-iminopropanoate

sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

hydrogencarbonate

selenide

molybdate

chloride

phosphate

diphosphate

Fe²⁺

Mo²⁺

Co²⁺

Zn²⁺

Cd²⁺

ammonium

K⁺

H⁺

2-chloroacetate

preQ₀

α-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate

3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate

2-phospho-D-glycerate

3-phospho-D-glycerate

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

2-iminosuccinate

2-iminobutanoate

hydrogen sulfide

oxygen

protoporphyrinogen IX

uroporphyrinogen-III

protoporphyrin IX

protoheme

DNA with lesion